Innovative Approaches in 21st-Century Mosque Minbars in Istanbul

Abstract

This study aims to examine the impact of modernism and the intellectual movements that emerged alongside it on the design of minbars (the pulpit in a mosque) in 21st-century mosques constructed in Istanbul within an innovative architectural approach. It seeks to identify the ideological influences shaping the architects’ design decisions to analyze how modern forms are manifested in minbar designs, and to determine the extent to which these designs diverge from traditional stylistic conventions. The analysis reveals that the examined minbars largely exhibit distinct and non-sequential design approaches rather than a uniform stylistic progression. The departure of these minbars from traditional forms, along with the use of diverse techniques and materials, reflects the evolving architectural paradigms of their time. The Industrial Revolution introduced a profound transformation in the construction sector, replacing traditional materials such as stone and wood with glass, steel, cast iron, and reinforced concrete, thereby enabling the emergence of more original and innovative designs. Architectural developments during the late Ottoman period and following the establishment of the Republic represent a reflection of the country’s broader cultural and social transformation. The adoption of modernism and new materials allowed Turkish architects to move beyond conventional frameworks and to produce contemporary and innovative designs, laying the foundations of Turkey’s modern architectural heritage. The influence of intellectual movements that developed in Europe on Turkish architects contributed to the emergence of innovative approaches in minbar design. Consequently, minbars constructed in Istanbul with an innovative architectural perspective display influences of various artistic and architectural movements including functionalism—most prominently—along with constructivism, brutalism, art nouveau, art deco, deconstructivism, minimalism, surrealism, abstract expressionism and postmodernism.