CARPET AND RUG IN TATAR LINGVO CULTURE

Abstract

It is a well-known fact that carpet plays a very important role in the culture of Turkiс peoples. Numerous studies on its history, development, as well as the traditions of carpet making, types of carpets etc. prove this fact. When we consider this tradition of the Tatar people, it is seen that the situation is different. The information concerning the development of carpet weaving of the Tatar people can be found in history, ethnography, dialect studies, etc. However, no specific studies were found. The objective reasons why the carpet is not a subject matter of scientific research may be that this tradition among Tatar people did not reach the level of art, as in Anatolia, Azerbaijan, Turkme- nistan, Dagestan and other Turkish regions. It is known that Tatar people used to have carpets and carpet weaving in the past. In the following periods, this tradition underwent a great transformation, its technique, materials, tools, etc. changed, it turned into a job of producing simple items for daily use, but it never lost its importance. Carpet became an important element of life and naturally the information about it was reflected in the language. The study of the vocabulary of the language, phraseology, idioms and proverbs and various genres of folk literature provides a lot of information for understanding the role that carpet plays in life. Many words are used to name the concepts of ‘carpet’, ‘rug’, ‘cover’ in the Tatar written language and dialects. Our research shows that their se- mantics may sometimes be close or equal, but differ in terms of linguistics. For example, apart from the direct meanings of the word келәм ‘carpet’, such meanings as ‘flat surface’, ‘clean surface’, ‘soft surface’, ‘thick layer of something’ etc. are formed in the language. In fact, the carpet was the sym- bol of power, high social status, wealth, home, comfort and many other concepts in Tatar culture in various periods. The word палас, which is sometimes used in the meaning of ‘carpet’, does not have these meanings. The work on the collection, systematization, study and evaluation of the vocabulary of this field of the Tatar language and other handicrafts should be continued.